Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia recurrentis, which is transmitted by body lice ...

Lysins are specific antibodies that cause the dissolution of bacteria, plant, and animal cells. Under the influence of ...

The complement cascade comprises soluble and cell surface proteins and is an important arm of the innate immune system. Once activated, the complement system rapidly generates large quantities of ...

Arachnology and toxinology have increasingly illuminated the structural, biochemical and evolutionary diversity of venom ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are inter-related clinical and pathophysiological disorders. Cells of the innate immune system, such as granulocytes and macrophages, can ...

Long Covid patients suffer from chronic symptoms such as fatigue or shortness of breath. As researchers have discovered, this is to some extent due to a part of our immune system called the complement ...

Our immune system is armed with an array of defenses designed to detect and eliminate harmful threats. One of its most powerful defense mechanisms is the complement system-a group of proteins that ...

Antibodies, which recognize viruses and proteins that the body has encountered before, have long gotten most of the credit for giving the human immune system a memory. Now, researchers at the ...

Our immune systems prevent and limit infections. They are a complex set of organs, cells, tissues and proteins that work together to protect our bodies from harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses, ...

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI)—even mild concussions—may trigger a chain reaction in the brain that disrupts neuronal ...