The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs), which use frequency up-conversion of an external seed laser to improve temporal coherence, are considered ideal for supplying stable, fully coherent, soft X-ray ...

There are two radio modulation schemes everyone should know. Amplitude modulation changes the amplitude — or ‘volume’, if you will — of a carrier frequency and turns all radio into channels owned and ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

New modulation schemes don’t come along very often. In fact, it has been years…decades really…. since any new modulation method has been invented. Remember there are only three basic ways a carrier ...

Unless you design EDGE or 3G/UMTS cell phone handsets, you may not have heard of polar modulation. As you know, there are only a few basic types of modulation, but they have been used in a variety of ...

As our society’s hunger for data grows—not only more data, but more data delivered faster—older modulation schemes based on NRZ-type encoding grow increasingly inadequate. We need to get data from ...

Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...