Physics informed neural networks (PINNs), a type of machine learning approach, can be used to find the solution of differential equations by including all of the physics into the loss function and ...

Whether it's physical phenomena, share prices or climate models—many dynamic processes in our world can be described mathematically with the aid of partial differential equations. Thanks to ...

The consumption of solving large-scale linear equations is one of the most critical issues in numerical computation. An innovative method is introduced in this study to solve linear equations based on ...

When integrating simple expressions, the constant of integration, the \(+ c\) term, may remain an unknown. The value of \(c\) can be worked out when additional information is given in the question, .

We mentioned before about the \(+ c\) term. We are now going to look at how to find the value of \(c\) when additional information is given in the question.