So far, various electronic circuits have been designed based on transistors, in which electrons are used as charge carriers. In other words, the transistor is used as the building block of the encoder ...

We fabricated and tested encoders and decoders based on a multiplex, DNA-based electrochemical biosensor that uses electronic (electrochemical) signals as its readout. These devices use two or more ...

Rotary quadrature encoders often are used to command digital potentiometers or digital controllers, and quadrature decoding is typically performed in a programmable device (like an FPGA or ...